Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim: A Guide to Islamic Ethics and Learning
Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim is a classic book on the etiquette and methods of seeking knowledge in Islam. It was written by Burhan al-Islam al-Zarnuji, a renowned scholar who lived in the 13th century. The book covers various topics such as the definition, importance, and intention of learning, the selection of subjects, teachers, and companions, the respect for knowledge and teachers, the perseverance and aspiration in learning, the order and priority of learning, the reliance on God, the time and place of learning, the mutual love and advice among learners, the seeking of additional knowledge, the piety and caution in learning, the strengthening and weakening of memory, and the factors that affect one's livelihood, lifespan, and destiny.
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The book is widely studied and taught in Islamic schools and institutions, especially among the followers of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), a traditionalist Sunni movement in Indonesia. The book is considered as a foundational text for students who want to learn the proper manners and attitude in pursuing Islamic knowledge. The book is also available in various languages, such as Arabic, Indonesian, Javanese, and English.
In this article, we will provide a brief overview of each chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim, as well as some tips on how to download the PDF version of the book in Arabic and Indonesian.
Chapter One: The Nature, Obligation, and Virtue of Knowledge
The first chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim explains the meaning of knowledge in Islam, its legal status, and its merits. According to al-Zarnuji, knowledge is defined as \"the recognition of something as it really is\" . Knowledge is divided into two types: religious knowledge (ilm al-din) and worldly knowledge (ilm al-dunya). Religious knowledge is further divided into obligatory knowledge (fard 'ayn) and communal knowledge (fard kifayah). Obligatory knowledge is the knowledge that every Muslim must learn, such as the basic tenets of faith, worship, morality, and transactions. Communal knowledge is the knowledge that is required by some Muslims to fulfill the needs of the society, such as jurisprudence, theology, hadith, tafsir, medicine, engineering, etc.
Al-Zarnuji states that seeking knowledge is an obligation for every Muslim who has reached puberty and sanity. He cites various evidences from the Quran and Sunnah to support this claim. He also mentions some of the virtues and benefits of seeking knowledge, such as attaining God's pleasure, guidance, wisdom, honor, leadership, intercession, reward, protection from evil, etc.
Chapter Two: The Intention in Seeking Knowledge
The second chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim discusses the importance of having a sincere intention in seeking knowledge. Al-Zarnuji warns against seeking knowledge for worldly motives, such as fame, wealth, power, pride,
Chapter Three: The Selection of Knowledge, Teacher, Companion, and Diligence
The third chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim advises the students on how to choose the best knowledge, teacher, companion, and diligence in their learning journey. Al-Zarnuji emphasizes that the students should prioritize the knowledge that is most beneficial for their religion and worldly affairs, such as the knowledge of the Quran, Sunnah, jurisprudence, and ethics. He also warns against the knowledge that is harmful or useless, such as magic, astrology, and philosophy.
Al-Zarnuji also gives some criteria for selecting a good teacher, such as being knowledgeable, pious, trustworthy, patient, eloquent, and experienced. He advises the students to respect their teachers, follow their instructions, ask them questions, and learn from their manners. He also cautions the students against bad teachers who are ignorant, corrupt, arrogant, or dishonest.
Furthermore, al-Zarnuji stresses the importance of having good companions in learning. He says that the students should seek the company of those who are sincere, intelligent, humble, and eager to learn. He also encourages the students to cooperate with their companions, help them in their difficulties, and avoid envy and rivalry. He also discourages the students from associating with bad companions who are lazy, ignorant, wicked, or hypocritical.
Finally, al-Zarnuji exhorts the students to be diligent and persistent in their learning. He says that the students should not waste their time in vain pursuits or distractions. He also advises them to balance their time between studying and other obligations such as worship, family, and livelihood. He also reminds them to seek God's help and guidance in their learning.
Chapter Four: The Respect for Knowledge and Teacher
The fourth chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim discusses the etiquette of respecting knowledge and teacher. Al-Zarnuji says that knowledge is a sacred trust from God that should be honored and protected. He says that the students should show reverence for knowledge by purifying their hearts and intentions, dressing properly and modestly, sitting attentively and respectfully,
Chapter Five: The Seriousness, Consistency, and Aspiration in Seeking Knowledge
The fifth chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim encourages the students to be serious, consistent, and aspirational in seeking knowledge. Al-Zarnuji says that the students should not be lazy, negligent, or distracted in their learning. He says that the students should devote their time and energy to learning, and avoid anything that may hinder their progress, such as sins, doubts, disputes, or excessive entertainment. He also advises the students to review what they have learned regularly, and to seek more knowledge from various sources and teachers.
Al-Zarnuji also urges the students to be consistent and steadfast in their learning. He says that the students should not give up or despair when they face difficulties or challenges in their learning. He says that the students should be patient and perseverant, and trust in God's help and reward. He also reminds the students to be grateful for the blessings of knowledge, and to use it for good purposes.
Furthermore, al-Zarnuji inspires the students to have high aspirations and goals in seeking knowledge. He says that the students should not be content with little or mediocre knowledge, but strive for excellence and mastery. He says that the students should seek the highest levels of knowledge, such as the knowledge of God's names and attributes, the secrets of creation, and the realities of the hereafter. He also encourages the students to emulate the examples of the prophets, companions, scholars, and saints who attained great knowledge and virtue.
Chapter Six: The Measure and Order of Learning
The sixth chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim guides the students on how to measure and order their learning. Al-Zarnuji says that the students should learn according to their capacity and level of understanding. He says that the students should not burden themselves with too much or too little knowledge, but seek a balanced and moderate amount. He also warns against learning things that are beyond their comprehension or irrelevant to their needs.
Al-Zarnuji also instructs the students on how to order their learning according to a proper sequence and priority. He says that the students should start with the basic and essential knowledge before moving on to the advanced and supplementary knowledge. He also says that the students should prioritize the knowledge that is more beneficial for their religion and worldly affairs, such as the knowledge of faith, worship, morality,
Chapter Seven: The Reliance on God
The seventh chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim teaches the students to rely on God in their learning. Al-Zarnuji says that the students should not depend on their own efforts or abilities, but trust in God's grace and assistance. He says that the students should seek God's help and guidance in their learning, and acknowledge that all knowledge comes from Him. He also advises the students to supplicate to God frequently, especially before and after studying.
Al-Zarnuji also explains the benefits of relying on God in learning. He says that relying on God increases one's faith, humility, gratitude, and sincerity. He also says that relying on God removes one's worries, fears, and doubts. He also says that relying on God grants one's success, happiness, and peace in this world and the next.
Chapter Eight: The Time and Place of Learning
The eighth chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim discusses the best time and place for learning. Al-Zarnuji says that the students should choose the time and place that are most conducive and suitable for their learning. He says that the students should avoid the time and place that are distracting, noisy, or harmful for their learning.
Al-Zarnuji also gives some examples of the best time and place for learning. He says that the best time for learning is the early morning, when the mind is fresh and alert, and the night, when the distractions are minimal. He also says that the best place for learning is a clean, spacious, well-lit, and ventilated place, such as a mosque, a library, or a study room. He also recommends that the students should face the direction of Qibla (the direction of Mecca) when studying.
Chapter Nine: The Mutual Love and Advice among Learners
The ninth chapter of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim emphasizes the importance of mutual love and advice among learners. Al-Zarnuji says that the students should love each other for the sake of God, and not for any worldly reason. He says that the students should treat each other with kindness, respect, and compassion. He also says that the students should cooperate with each other in learning, and help each other in their difficulties.
Al-Zarnuji also instructs the students on how to advise each other in learning. He says that the students should advise each other sincerely, gently, and wisely. He also says that the students should accept advice from each other humbly, gratefully,
Conclusion
In conclusion, Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim is a valuable book that teaches the students how to seek knowledge in Islam. The book covers various aspects of learning, such as the nature, intention, selection, respect, seriousness, consistency, aspiration, measure, order, reliance, time, place, love, and advice of learning. The book also provides practical tips and examples for the students to follow. The book is based on the Quran, Sunnah, and the experiences of the author and other scholars. The book is widely read and appreciated by Muslims of different backgrounds and levels of knowledge.
Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim is available in PDF format in Arabic and Indonesian languages. The PDF files can be downloaded from various websites for free. The PDF files are also compatible with various devices and platforms. The PDF files can be printed or shared easily. The PDF files can also be used for personal or educational purposes.
We hope that this article has given you a brief overview of Kitab Ta'lim Muta'alim and its contents. We also hope that this article has inspired you to read and benefit from this book. May God bless you with knowledge and wisdom. d282676c82
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